1. Computed, never estimated
Gross-to-net is computed by deterministic code, in integer cents, never guessed or approximated, on current Cyprus rates: income tax (PAYE) bands, employee and employer Social Insurance at 8.8% each up to the monthly insurable-earnings ceiling, and GHS/GeSY at 2.65% employee / 2.90% employer up to the separate annual cap.
2. The employer-side levies
On top of employer Social Insurance and GHS, employer-only contributions apply: the Social Cohesion Fund at 2.0%, the Redundancy Fund at 1.2%, and the HRDA levy at 0.5%. Rates are held as versioned tables inside the product and reviewed each year, so a rate change updates the calculation without anyone editing a formula by hand.
3. The edge cases
The same run handles 13th salary, mid-month starters and leavers (proration), part-time employment, multiple concurrent employments, and Cyprus's two-tier minimum-wage check, all verified against a golden corpus of edge-case tests covering band boundaries, cap crossings, and proration. See running a monthly payroll for how a run itself moves from draft to approved.
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